Comparison of Serum Zinc, Ferritin and Vitamin B12 levels in Febrile Children (Aged 6 Months to 5 Years) with and without Febrile Seizures- A Case-Control study

Abstract

Febrile seizures are one of the most frequent neurologic conditions of children aged 6 months to 5 years. Low levels of the micronutrient that plays an important role in the proper functioning of the brain, including zinc, ferritin and vitamin B12, may impact the excitability of neurons and may influence the probability of seizure being triggered. The synergistic relationship of these biomarkers with febrile seizures is not completely studied. This study was conducted using a case control design methodology, which matched the serum concentrations of zinc, ferritin and vitamin B12 in children with febrile seizures and children who had febrile illnesses without seizures. A total of 110 subjects with 55 cases and 55 controls. Demographic, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data were obtained and analysed by suitable statistical tests such as independent t tests, Chi square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Theoretical results indicated that in children with febrile seizures, the concentrations of serum zinc, ferritin and vitamin B12 were significantly lower than in febrile controls. After potential confounding variables were adjusted, serum zinc and serum ferritin had the best independent association with febrile seizures and vitamin B12 had a weaker, but clinically significant relationship. An independent risk factor for febrile seizures was also reported as family history of seizure. The study showed that the deficiencies of zinc, ferritin and B12 may contribute to increased susceptibility of febrile seizures in children. Children at risk can be identified by the regular monitoring of the micronutrient status and thus support nutrition prevention. The results are suggested by additional large, prospective studies to validate and evaluate the effect of micronutrient supplementation on the risk of febrile seizures.