A Review on Development of Real-Time Driving Cycle of Vehicles

Abstract

Vehicle emissions are a significant contributor to air pollution in urban areas across India. Typically, vehicles are responsible for emitting around 20–30% of particulate matter (PM2.5) into the atmosphere. Along with substantial carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, they also release high levels of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), suspended particulate matter (SPM), and other harmful air pollutants, leading to severe environmental degradation and adverse health effects. Estimating PM2.5 emissions from vehicles is crucial, as this pollutant has a direct impact on lung function.

To accurately assess vehicle emissions, it is essential to develop real-time driving cycles, as these vary depending on city-specific traffic patterns and driving behaviors. This article reviews existing research and highlights areas that require further investigation. Understanding traffic flow characteristics through data collection and analysis is key to informing policy decisions and implementing effective measures to mitigate pollution.