Immunohistochemistry Study of Human Appendix Tissue and the Role of Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphism in the Incidence of Acute Appendicitis

Abstract

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most typical causes of sudden
abdominal pain. AA is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
Particularly, several genetic factors seem to hold promise for the explanation of the
etiopathogenesis of AA. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine. IL-6 gene
polymorphisms may affect cytokine production and immunological response and may
be employed as inflammatory indicators in the diagnosis of appendicitis.
Materials and methods: Sixty patients with appendicitis and 40 healthy controls
participated in this study; Appendix samples were stained with histological and
immunohistochemical (TNF-α) stains and diagnosed microscopically. Interleukin6 gene
polymorphism by High-resolution melting-real time PCR (HRM-QPCR) method.
Result: The appearance of many histological changes in the appendages of patients,
including necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration in the epithelial mucosa layer of the
appendix, cellular infiltration and congestion in muscularis layer, and cellular
infiltration in the serosa layer in a patient with acute appendicitis, inflammation in the
mucosa and submucosa layers in acute appendicitis, Epithelial and lamina propria TNF-
α stain was positive and staining intensities observed at power. Epithelial and lamina
propria TNF-α were highly stained in the appendix. The results of
immunohistochemical staining showed that the mucosa is the most pigmented layer
compared to the other layers of the appendix. Molecularly, the GG genotype was more
frequent in the control group, whereas the CC genotype had a higher frequency in
samples of patients, and genotype GC appears in samples of the patients but did not
appear in control groups.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated a strong positive correlation between acute
appendicitis and a polymorphism of the interleukin 6 gene